Censorship Is The Control And Suppression Of Ideas And...

The simplest definition of censorship is the control or suppression of ideas and information released within a society. In the early 20th century, censorship was achieved for the purpose of altering offensive or objectionable information that may have brought negative attention to government or a political figure. However in recent times censorship has taken a more iron-fisted approached with suppressing information and it can be argued that nations across the world are stripping away our freedom of speech through the internet. This has become a pressing issue throughout different communities around the world and it has divided content creators and internet surfacers alike. Censorship has become such a talked about topic that news outlets such as The Washington Times and Huffington Post have taken a stance on the matter. Washington times took a biased stance posting an article titled â€Å"Blankly, we need censorship† while Huffington Post takes a more unbiased approach coveri ng both sides of the argument. Finding multiple perspectives on the same issue is key when analyzing different news stories and it is important that one is able to see what information may be biased or not when taking it in. The rationales for censorship has always been up to to discretion by whoever has control of the information. Censors usually target material that may be found indecent or obscene by an audience, however some block material that could be seen as seditious or even treasonous. This isShow MoreRelatedArguments For and Against Censorship Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Censorship is defined by Caso as the suppression of speech or any other public communication which may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive politically incorrect as determined by the government or any other control body (3). 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Working her way up from a nurse in New Yorks poor Lower East Side to the head of the Planned Parenthood Federation of AmericaRead More Clear Channel and the Cultural and Socio-Political Ramifications of Media Consolidation6315 Words   |  26 Pagesstations in the U.S., â€Å"controls 20% of all radio industry revenues,† and, according to testimony by CC’s CEO Lowry Mays before the Senate Commerce Committee in January of 2003, the company plans to continue to acquire stations when and where possible (Cornell Univ. 2004: 3; Chen 2003). While the phenomenon of rampant media consolidation made possible by the government’s deregulatory practices has been greeted with general enthusiasm by the corporate world, it has left others in society gravely concernedRead MoreEthics of Information Communication Technology (Ict)27618 Words   |  111 Pages239 ETHICS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) Paper prepared by Tengku Mohd T. Sembok, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for the Regional Meeting on Ethics of Science and Technology 5-7 November 2003, Bangkok UNESCO Regional Unit for Social Human Sciences in Asia and the Pacific (RUSHSAP) 241 ETHICS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) 1. INTRODUCTION Globalization and digital convergence in the emerging knowledge society has raised complex ethical, legal and

Dynamic Programming Resource Allocation Example

Essays on Dynamic Programming: Resource Allocation Assignment Executive summery: Dynamic programming approach usually offers an optimal solution for complex reservoir operational problems. In this report analysis an attempt to determine the relevance of the dynamic programming in resource allocation scenario as one of the optimizing tool to be relied upon in making decision. A brief overview will include its application, advantages and its shortfalls as well. The final result of module formulation shows the applicability of the dynamic programming in resolving the investment decision. Introduction: The report describes how to formulate and implement by allocating resources using a dynamic programming. The method allows the fund manager to make an informed decision of investing the $10 million on behalf of the pension fund. In addition, it shows the optimal return expected to be earned at different risk levels. The results are tested and confirm through formulating different stages for each product through a simplified scenario. The investment details are illustrated using the scenario bellow. Fund Investment amount must be multiple of * Expected annual return per  £1m of investment Maximum risk exposure to fund A  £3 M  £30,000  £6m B  £4 M  £40,000 none C  £2 M  £60,000  £6m Problem formulation is determined by assuming that at stage 1; product C, stage 2; product A and stage 3; product B. The next step is to determine transformation and returns functional formulas. Therefore, the transformation t n will change all input stages x n to the output stages xn-1 giving an outcome decision d n which can be written as follows; Stage 3: X2 =t3(X3, d3) =X3-2d3 Stage 3 buys Investment B at $ 4M each Stage 2: X1 =t2(X2, d2) =X2-3d2 Stage 2 buys Investment A at $ 3M each Stage 1: X0 =t1(X1, d1) =X1-4d1 Stage 1 buys Investment C at $ 2M each Where as, the expected reward r n which is the total benefits at each stage n which relies on the number of d n of units of production n bought in stage n are as follows; Stage 3: r3(X3, d2) =40d3 Stage 2: r2 (X2, d2) =30d2 Stage 1: r1 (X1, d1) =60d1 The objective function i.e. the total return from investment at this initial stage includes only the total reward r 1 as there is no any other previous stage. Therefore the output as well as the objective function is determined as follows: X 0 = X1-4d1; f1 (X1) = r1(X1, d1) = 60 d1 Where 0 ≠¤ X 1 ≠¤ 9 and 0 ≠¤ d1≠¤ (Appendix table 1) X1 shows the input at stage 1, d1 is the anticipated decisions at this particular stage, where as, d*1 is the optimal decision at a given value of input X1 and f1(x1) is the reward to be earned for making decision d1 using input X1. At stage 2, the decision d2 is the number of units purchases for product C such that 0 ≠¤ d2≠¤ 1(Appendix table 2). The output at this stage is X1=X2-3d2 and the objective function is F2(X2) =30d2+f1(X1) where f1(X1) represents the exact value of objective function calculated in the previous stage. At stage 3 (product B $ 4 M $40K), is the stage where the investment is at its maximum i.e. the value of X3= 9 the result at this stage is as shown in table 3. Where the optimal results are; Stage 3: X3 = 9, d3=1, X2=X3-2d3=9-2=7 Stage 2: X2=7, d2=1, X1=X2-3d2=7-3=4 Stage 1: X1=4, d1=1, X0=X1-4d1=4-4=0 (Appendix table 3). According to the results it shows that the fund manager should consider purchasing the following Stage 3: One unit of product C at a cost of 2 millions Stage 2: One unit of product A at a cost of 3 millions Stage 1: One unit of product B at a cost of 4 millions This will optimize the investment i.e. 2+3+4+9 Millions and the expected returns will be $60,000 per unit of $ 1 million investment from product C $30,000 per unit of $ 1 million investment from product A $40, 000 per unit of $ 1 million investment from product B Thus, the total returns will be $ 190 millions which is the same as the value of the objective function in stage 3 Conclusion: Based on the above results, it is quite clear that, unlike linear programming, dynamic programming is very simple to formulate and solve since there are no complex variables. In addition, the incorporation of different constraints is much easier as compared to linear and non linear programming. Thought that is the case, there are some disadvantages of this method, for instance, designing and formulating the recursive equations may be so frustrating and complex beside not providing one time period solution to various problems as compared to linear programming. Therefore, considering all the above, the manager would be in a better position in making the investment decision using dynamic programming. Appendix 1 Table 1    d1    X1 0 1 2 d*1 F*1(x1) x0 0 0       0 0 0 1 0       0 0 1 2 0       0 0 2 3 0       0 0 2 4 0 60    1 60 0 5 0 60    1 60 1 6 0 60    1 60 1 7 0 60    1 60 3 8 0 60 120 2 120 0 9 0 60 120 2 120 1 Table 2 d2    X2 1 2 d*2 f2(x2) x1 0 0    0 0 0 1 0    0 0 0 2 0    0 0 0 3 0 30 1 30 0 4 60 90 1 90 1 5 60 90 1 90 1 6 60 90 1 90 3 7 60 90 1 90 4 8 120 150 1 150 5 9 120 150 1 150 6 Table 3          d3          X3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 d*3 f3(x3) X2 9 150 190 150 100 120 150 180 1 190 7 References: Bellman, Richard, 1957, â€Å"Dynamic Programming† Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Breton, Michele, Pascal Francisco 2006, Dynamic programming approach to price installation option, â€Å"European Journal of operational Research, Vol. 169(2), pages 667-676. Elton, Edwin, J, Gruber, Martin J, 1971, â€Å"Dynamic Programming Approach to price installment in Finance, â€Å"Journal of Finance, Vol. 26(2), pages 473-506 Finn E, Edward C. Prescott, 1977, â€Å"Rules rather than the discretion: The Inconsistency Dynamics† Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 198 George G, Rogers, David F, Sweeney Dennis J, 2010, â€Å"Risk management strategies of portfolio optimization,† Euro Journal of operation Research, Vol. 207(1), page 409-419 Handy, A, Tasha, 2006, â€Å"Operational research; Introduction, eighth edition, prentice, hall in India private limited, New Delhi James C, T, Mao Carl E, S, 1966, â€Å"Decision Theory Approach to portfolio selection† Management science, Vol. 12 (8), page B323-B333. Martin R, Young, 1998, â€Å"A minim ax portfolio selection rule with lines Linear Programming solution† Management Science, Vol. 12(8), page B323-B333. Nancy, Robert E, Lucas, Edward C. Prescott, 2009, â€Å"Recursive methods in economic Of optimal plans," Journal of Political Economy, 1977, 85, 473-491 Sharma, J, K, 2007, Operational research; Theory and application, third edition, Macmillan publishers

Women of Kievan Rus Free Essays

The women of Kievan Rus were in a much different setting and social structure than their western counterparts. With the arrival of Christianity in Kievan Rus can new changes to family relations and positions of women in society and the household. The church divided women into two groups, the â€Å"good† and the â€Å"evil† women. We will write a custom essay sample on Women of Kievan Rus or any similar topic only for you Order Now The determination of who fell into what group was determined on how they compared to the norms of behavior of saints. With women divided into two groups the church focused more on the conduct of â€Å"evil† women. The church handed down instructions on the conduct of women. The core of these instructions was based on the submissiveness of women to god and their husbands. They urged women to stay silent and be socially dependent. But women’s lives were not totally controlled and they were not treated sub-humanly. As seen in the treaty between Novgorod and Gotland slave women had rights and were defended against harm. The example it gives is the denial to rape or harm slave women. Their social roles were protected and offenders would have to stand trial and pay a heavy fine. Their counterparts, free women were also protected and held interesting privileges. Women were well protected from anything stemming from simple insults to rape. They also had a choice in their marriage partner and if they were forced into a marriage then the parents would have to pay a hefty fine. There were documents unearthed, which showed that Novgorod women lent money and owned land. Women in Novgorod and Kievan Rus were a unique sect of society with both freedoms and restrictions. How to cite Women of Kievan Rus, Papers